VASCULITIS

Overview

Vasculitis, is an inflammation of the blood vessels (including both veins and arteries). This inflammation leads to an increase in the thickness of the walls of the blood vessels and thus reduces the rate of blood flow inside them, causing damage to tissues and organs, including the kidneys.

There are many types of Vasculitis, some of which are acute and last for a short time, and others are chronic.

Symptoms & Causes

General symptoms of most types of Vasculitis include:

  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Fever and loss of appetite
  • General aches and pains, especially in the joints and muscles

Other additional symptoms may appear depending on the affected organ, such as:

Kidneys: The kidney is one of the most body organs that is affected by Vasculitis. The most common symptoms of Vasculitis are:

  • Hematuria (Presence of blood in urine)
  • Foamy urine due to the presence of proteins in the urine
  • Renal failure and glomerulonephritis (decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased creatinine and urea, and decreased urine output)

Skin: Bleeding under the skin can appear as red spots. Vasculitis can also cause lumps or open sores on the surface of the skin.

Respiratory system: It appears in the form of nosebleeds and bloody cough.

Digestive system: Abdominal pain and bloody stools, and it may lead to perforation of the intestine.

Vasculitis may affect the heart, arteries, nervous system, muscles, and joints as well.

Diagnosis & Tests

Diagnosis is done with full laboratory test investigations: Serological testing for Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCAs) is essential, and Renal biopsy is usually mandatory.

Treatment

Treatment will be based on immunosuppressive medical treatment (Corticosteroids, Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab) the treatment should be started immediately and last for a long time to avoid relapse so you will have induction and maintenance therapy. Your Nephrologist will realize the required follow-up as per the Center Guidelines.

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